skilled and unskilled wages in an economy. Our findings provide a lobbying-based explanation of the prevalence of tariff … escalation in developed countries. It also predicts the possible response of a developing country and shows how similar lobbying …

up with two rationales that help to understand why countries nevertheless consider protectionism to be a good response to …) the lobbying of domestic, non-exporting firms. …

up with two rationales that help to understand why countries nevertheless consider protectionism to be a good response to … a recession: (i) the lobbying of domestic, non-exporting firms, and (ii) the relationship between vulnerability, the …

Although the theoretical literature often uses lobbying and corruption synonymously, the empirical literature … associates lobbying with the preferred mean for exerting influence in developed countries and corruption with the preferred one … between bribing and lobbying. We test our predictions using survey data for about 6000 firms in 26 countries. Our results …

-based trading order, prioritizing widespread regulatory liberalization to counteract the risks of global protectionism and …