We show that, when school quality is measured by the educational standard and attaining the standard requires costly … relatively high cost of effort, who would find the high standards of the public school excessively demanding. With the key …

variables, teacher profiles and school characteristics, were analyzed to identify appropriate needs-based formula components and …

Sweden has undertaken major national reforms of its school sector which, consequently, has been classified as one of … the most decentralized ones in the OECD. This paper investigates whether school resources became more unequally … school resources differently as decentralization took place. Using municipal data the paper studies how per pupil spending …

report results showing a positive impact of the extra resources on school attendance and performance in Mathematics (though …

Sweden has a school voucher system with universal coverage and full acceptance of corporate providers. Using a value … students, the voucher school impact is around zero. Comparing internal and external evaluations of the same standardized tests …