Import substituting industrialization has increasingly come under criticism as a strategy for economic growth in the less developed countries. Many economists, in both the developed and less developed countries, have become highly skeptical of the benefits of inward looking development and have...

In the less developed countries employment generation has emerged as a major problem. Those countries characterized by import substituting industrialization have been especially unable to expand employment opportunities, and their industrialization has been capital intensive in nature. Two...

This paper provides a descriptive assessment of Brazilian trade policies, with emphasis on the import regime. Import policies in Brazil during the post-war period have consisted basically of the use of tariff and non-tariff barriers to restrict external competition and, in doing so, promote the...