China’s oil sector has been dominated by three large state-owned oil companies in charge of developing the country …’s domestic reserves, building and operating pipelines, managing China’s increasingly sophisticated downstream, and filling its … strategic petroleum reserves (SPR). Over the years, as China’s demand has outstripped production, they have also become major …

sources of institutional trajectories of economic development in China, Japan, and Korea. It stylizes the Malthusian-phase of … states of Qing China, Tokugawa Japan, and Yi Korea by focusing on the way in which agricultural taxes were enforced. It also …