The European Union has introduced directives that aim to liberalize and integrate electricity and gas markets in … Western Europe. While progress has been made, particularly in electricity markets, there have been setbacks: for example … in Western Europe will be liberalized. We use a numerical model to assess what types of liberalization – electricity vs …

beobachtbaren Kostenentwicklung -insbesondere im Erdgasmarkt -ist darum gut erklärbar, wieso die Strategieanpassung erfolgt ist. In …

medium-term horizon. The economic effects of electricity shortages are also direct and indirect, but the temporal lag is … weak business and consumer confidence. The social costs of electricity shortages have immediate negative results, and … warning and information. A specific assessment of the social costs of an electricity shortage remains a research task for the …

combustibles for electricity, reliable methods for modelling electricity consumption can contribute to a more rational employment … Italy, France and Greece on hourly data of aggregate electricity consumption. The empirical results obtained with the PC … a much simpler and attractive alternative to modelling electricity consumption since it is extremely easy to compute, it …