What is the impact of the increasing dominance of conventional firms in e-commerce? We use a simple model to show that retailers who only sell through Internet have lower on-line prices than retailers who also sell through conventional stores. This proposition is firmly supported by our...

This paper reviews the different types of provisions explicitly addressing electronic commerce (e-commerce) in regional trade agreements (RTAs). The analysis covers the 275 RTAs currently in force and notified to the WTO as of May 2017. The analysis shows that e-commerce provisions have become...

The issues and challenges in taxation in the digital economy stem from the complex and multifaceted nature of the digital economy. Reaching a common understanding and measurement of its size and impact is critical in devising a tax regime for the digital economy. In APEC Secretariat (2019), the...

Die Digitalisierung schreitet mehr und mehr voran und beeinflusst zunehmend Geschäftsabläufe in Unternehmen. Dem Handel über das Internet kommt in diesem Zusammenhang eine besondere Bedeutung für die zukünftige Entwicklung des ländlichen Raums zu. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es bisher keine...

The European Union (EU) has pursued an ambitious agenda for regulating the digital economy, and it is now planning to establish a new package of regulations, including the Digital Markets Act (DMA), the Digital Services Act (DSA), and a new regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These...

In this paper, we will discuss how Europe makes digital policy and how its digital economic performance can be improved. The focus is on the D9+ initiative. Launched in 2016 on the initiative of former Swedish trade minister, Ann Linde, nine countries with a particular interest in matters of the...

Luftverkehrsdienste benötigen ergänzende boden- und luftseitige Infrastrukturen. Kapazitätsbeschränkungen des Start- und Landebahnsystems eines Flughafens stellen einen erheblichen Engpass dar. Das Nutzungsrecht hängt von der Verfügbarkeit eines Slots ab. Wenn die Nachfrage nach Slots das...

In many markets, firms make their products complex through add-on features, thus making them difficult to evaluate and compare. Does this product obfuscation lure buyers into buying overpriced products, and if so, why does competition not eliminate this practice? More generally, under which...

Das Fit-for-55-Maßnahmenpaket der EU bezweckt eine Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen um55 % bis 2030, gemessen an den Emissionen von 1990. Für die Luftfahrt sind und werdenverschiedene Instrumente wirksam, die neben einer Änderung der Treibstoffe auch Steuernund Gebühren enthalten. Je nach...