1998 as well as the inter-temporal fiscal impact of immigration to Austria. Immigrants affect inter-temporal fiscal balance …. The overall fiscal effect of immigration is found positive, under the assumption that the age and fiscal characteristics … payments during working age. However, immigration is not likely to achieve inter-temporal fiscal balance, even if immigration …

that pointed out that poverty and indebtedness were push factor for both emigration and immigration while higher income in … the destination countries was the pull factor. The study further found that both of emigration and immigration were …

that pointed out that poverty and indebtedness were push factor for both emigration and immigration while higher income in … the destination countries was the pull factor. The study further found that both of emigration and immigration were …

This paper reviews the evidence on the effects of less-skilled immigration to the U.S., and their implications for … immigration reform. It begins with a review of the costs of less-skilled immigration, in terms of competition to native …-born American workers; and the benefits of such immigration in the form of lower consumer prices, higher employer profits, and …

lower rates of involvement in criminal activity than natives. The earliest studies of immigration and crime conducted at the …