In der Zollverwaltung gibt es obere Führungskräfte (in der Regel dem höheren Dienst angehörend) und Führungskräfte mit Vorgesetztenfunktion im mittleren, gehobenen und höheren Dienst. Diese sog. Sandwich-Führungskräfte (auch mittlere Manager oder Mittelmanager im mittleren Management)...

We assume that students can acquire a wage premium, thanks to studies, and form a rational expectation of their future earnings, which depends on personal ability. Students receive a private, noisy signal of their ability, and universities can condition admission decisions on the results of...

This study aimed to analyze the assessment process of distance education. The study involved academicians working under distance education system as the faculty of education. It used a questionnaire depending on five point Likert scale. Its content validity and face validity was determined by...

Mitarbeiter gehören zu den wichtigsten Ressourcen einer Organisation. Dabei ist der Erfolg einer Organisation besonders von der Leistungsbereitschaft abhängig, welche über die juristisch fixierte Jobbeschreibung hinausgeht. In diesem Zusammenhang liegt seit den 1980er Jahren ein Fokus auf der...

This paper applies the familiar theoretical distinction between general and specific training to the empirical task of estimating the returns to in-company training. Using a firm-level dataset which distinguishes between general and specific training, we test for the relative effects of the two...

Die berufliche Qualifikationsstruktur ist konjunkturabhängig, wenn Arbeitgeber ein zu geringes Angebot von Arbeitskräften mit einer Senkung der Einstellungs- und Qualifikationsstandards beantworten. Die Bedeutung von Einstellungsstandards für Anpassungsprozesse auf dem Arbeitsmarkt wurde von...

In the transition to a market economy, the Russian workforce underwent a wrenching period of change, with excess supply of some industrial skills coexisting with reports of skill shortages by many enterprises. This paper uses data from the Russia Competitiveness and Investment Climate Survey and...

This paper begins the synthesis of two currently unrelated literatures: the human capital approach to health economics and the economics of cognitive and noncognitive skill formation. A lifecycle investment framework is the foundation for understanding the origins of human inequality and for...

The human capital represented by corporate employees involved in the information and knowledge economy is becoming an increasingly central value-creating factor in global competition. However, in contrast to other value-creating factors, human capital is more difficult to measure, evaluate and...

Under the growing influence of economic normative thoughts (as for example the spread of shareholder value philosophy in the 1990s) and therefore under pressure to justify themselves, human resource management professionals are searching for concepts to measure the effects of their decisions and...