This Working Paper gives insights into the concepts of productivity and efficiency. Both concepts are popular measures for evaluating productive units, either on macro or micro level. This paper provides clear definitions for both concepts and outlines key areas of interest in this context, such...

Effizienzunterschiede zwischen privaten und öffentlichen Bildungseinrichtungen sind in der empirischen Literatur höchst umstritten. Die Mehrheit der bisherigen Studien versuchte erfolglos mit Hilfe von Regressionsanalysen, meist nur auf nationaler Ebene, eine eindeutige Effizienzüberlegenheit...

The traditional approach to measuring allocative efficiency is based on input prices, which are rarely known at the firm level. This paper proposes a new approach to measure allocative efficiency which is based on the output-oriented distance to the frontier in a profit – technical efficiency...

The European Union (EU) has pursued an ambitious agenda for regulating the digital economy, and it is now planning to establish a new package of regulations, including the Digital Markets Act (DMA), the Digital Services Act (DSA), and a new regulation of Artificial Intelligence (AI). These...

In this paper, we will discuss how Europe makes digital policy and how its digital economic performance can be improved. The focus is on the D9+ initiative. Launched in 2016 on the initiative of former Swedish trade minister, Ann Linde, nine countries with a particular interest in matters of the...

Investors and creditors expect that the performance of the firms, which they invested in them, proceed according to their expected conditions and their performance evaluation of the firms based on their type and size. Because of owners and shareholders multiplicity, direct monitoring on firm...

As governmental subsidies to universities are declining in recent years, sustaining excellence in academic performance and more efficient use of resources have become important issues for university stakeholders. To assess the academic performances and the utilization of the resources, two...

Product quality for plastic injection molding process is highly related with the settings for its process parameters. Additionally, the product quality is not simply based on a single quality index, but multiple interrelated quality indices. To find the settings for the process parameters such...

In this paper, a new method is proposed to optimize a multi-response optimization problem based on the Taguchi method for the processes where controllable factors are the smaller-the-better (STB)-type variables and the analyzer desires to find an optimal solution with smaller amount of...

This study analyzes the impact of international trade on environmental efficiency. Using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model that allows us to treat undesirable outputs and super-efficiency beyond unity, we measure the environmental efficiency of four typical air pollutants-SO 2 , NOx,...