five most important trends for corporate communications are identified annually and published in the Communications Trend … issues and make decisions. For 2023, the Communications Trend Radar identifies five key trends for corporate communications …

Trend extraction from time series is often performed by using the filter proposed by Leser (1961), also known as the …

A literature debates the explanations for the cyclical properties of emerging markets using either trend shocks (Aguiar …

temperature. Visually, there is a clear upward trend in both data. Time series analyses suggest that CO2 is difference …-stationary and temperature is trend-stationary. Thus, the moments (mean, variance, etc.) of the data in levels are functions of time … variations in temperature. We find no statistically robust evidence of correlation, long run co-variation, long run common trend …

endogenous and exogenous factors of a different time horizon, with the development trend and the business cycle as the most … important time perspectives. The decomposition procedure of time series is implemented to extract trend and cyclical …. The impact of economic dynamics on female entrepreneurship is much stronger in the trend perspective than in the business …

.e. qualitative values and their derivatives: plus/increasing; zero/constant; negative/decreasing; any value / any trend. The paper …

In this paper, an Unobserved Components Model is employed to decompose German real GDP into the trend, cycle and …

In this paper an Unobserved Components Model is employed to decompose U.S. real GDP into trend and cycle components … the long-run development during the last 50 years can be represented by a segmented linear trend with a break in the drift …