determined by the initial gap. We obtain these results with 2SLS estimates where slavery is used as an instrument for the initial … gap. The excludability of slavery is preliminarily established by instrumenting it with the share of disembarked slaves … initial racial gap in education and that slavery affects growth indirectly through this channel. …

research agenda which accounts not only for basic economic and demographic factors, but also for the role of history and … institutional development. After reporting results from standard growth regressions, I analyze the role of Africa's peculiar history …

How deep are the roots of Latin America's economic inequalities? In this chapter we survey both the history and the … thematically, providing empirical evidence and summarizing the key recent studies on colonial institutions, slavery, land reform …

the reader through the history, assumptions and limitations of mainstream economics and its associated theories of … of 'capital as power' and a new history of the 'capitalist mode of power'. …

approach by taking a welfarist view of the USA's espoused policy of promoting liberty in other parts of the world. However, we … liberty in the sense that basic human rights like freedom of speech, freedom to express one's religious beliefs, and freedom … to form associations improve welfare. In this case, liberty is directly consumed. We argue that this improvement in …

thought experiment in the spirit of Rawls and with factual applications, that the fiat redistribution of rights to liberty in …