How do shifts in trade affect social protections for the poor? Although the fraction of the world's population … protection to stabilize their incomes. Among the shocks to which the absolute poor have been exposed are those created by trade … stability from this type of trade require that the poor are provided with some forms of adjustment assistance. We examine the …

High food prices have undermined Indonesia's effort to reduce poverty and improve health and nutrition indicators. It … to high food prices is the prevalence of non-tariff measures (NTM) in the international trade of food and agriculture … automatic import licensing. The liberalisation of food trade must also be accompanied by heightened competition among importers …

trade costs. While the overall share of Africa's trade with Ukraine and Russia is small, the concentration of imports in …‐term impacts of the conflict on grain imports and prices in Africa. We use a long‐run general equilibrium trade model to study … other grains; (2) rising trade costs with Ukraine and Russia due to disrupted trade routes in the Black Sea and the …

This paper studies how an institution such as markets affects the evolution of mankind. My key point is that the forces … of natural selection are made weaker because trade allows people to specialize in those activities where they are strong …, and to offset their weaknesses by purchasing adequate goods on the market. Absent trade, people must allocate their time …

Is the willingness to make trades influenced by how the total gains from trade are split between the trading partners …? We present results from a bilateral trade game (n = 128) where all participants were price-takers and trading pairs faced … trade reduced desired transaction levels on both sides of the market, but more strongly by the disfavored party. The data …

such, this implies that a greater reliance on markets increases antisemitism. Second, a key type of institution … antisemitism. These findings indicate a complex relationship between markets and attitudes towards Jews. …

-Saharan African countries, in the fields of social protection and food and nutrition security policies and programmes, have directly … protection and food and nutrition security programmes and instruments inspired and encouraged by the Brazilian experiences, and …