Serious efforts at economic integration among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) members started only in 1992. Initial obstacles included the widespread pursuit of import substitution policies of industrialization, the small extent of intra-ASEAN trade, and the wide differences...

The global financial and economic crisis has affected East Asia mainly through the trade channel. The region remains heavily dependent on export markets in Europe and North America through both direct exports to these destinations and indirect exports via the export of parts and components to...

The global economic crisis has affected the East Asian economies via trade and investment. The export-led model which had been responsible for the East Asian Miracle now must redirect the basis of growth from exports sent to the US and Europe to regional and domestic demand. Regional trade...