While studies of the relationship between economic freedom and economic growth have shown it to be positive, significant and robust, it has rightly been argued that different areas of economic freedom may have quite different effects on growth. Along that line, Carlsson and Lundström (2002)...

This article evaluates the main effects for the Brazilian economy from the creation of a free trade zone among the BRICS economies. A welfare analysis suggests the Chinese economy to be the closest - in comparison to the remaining BRICS - to the definition of a natural trade partner for Brazil....

We consider a model with two countries, two commodities and production factors, labour and environment. The countries first choose their environmental standards and then the equilibrium market allocations are determined. We study a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium of this game for two types of...

In 2013, the European Union and United States initiated a new political dialogue regarding a further deepening of bilateral trade and investment relations, the TTIP (Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership). In some member states, anti-TTIP street protests and political activists received...

Significant progress has been made by the East African Community partner states in implementing the East African Community customs union. Trade within the East African Community is now free from import duties, and partner states have adopted a three-band common external tariff. This paper...

Um den Konflikt zwischen EU-Befürwortern und -Kritikern zu beschreiben, wird häufig das wirtschaftspolitische Gegensatzpaar "ökonomischer Nationalismus" versus "globalen Freihandel" bemüht. Der vorliegende Beitrag nimmt das britische EU-Referendum zum Anlass, sich kritisch mit dieser...

This paper provides a critical analysis of the strategic trade policy, in terms of limitations and difficulties involved in its implementation. Even there are many arguments used by its supporters for justifying the importance of this type of measures, it is impossible for the state to formulate...

European Union and the United States have decided to start negotiations over a Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership. Among other things, the agreement would include a reduction in trade and investment barriers as well as barriers against participation in public procurement projects. If...

Since the beginning of 2017, a paradigm change in international trade policy is observed. While protectionist agendas are on the rise, the EU and Japan signed an Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) on 17 July 2018. It is the EU's most ambitious agreement with any Asian state. The study...

After World War II only a few developing countries were able to catch up to real GDP per capita levels prevailing in developed countries. These successful countries in almost all cases came from Asia and did not follow the free market doctrine in the tradition of the Washington Consensus. There...