With the introduction of many derivatives into the capital market, including stock index futures, the trading strategies in financial markets have been gradually enriched. However, there is still no theoretical model that can determine whether these strategies are effective, what the risks are,...

We examine the link between equity risk premiums and demographic changes using a very long sample over the whole twentieth century for the US, Japan, UK, Germany and France, and a shorter sample covering the last third of the twentieth century for fifteen countries. We find that demographic...