prices, productivity levels and markups as functions of openness to trade at a sectoral level. The theory lends itself … evidence that trade openness exerts a competitive effect, with prices and markups falling and productivity rising. Consistent …

sellers charge markups over production costs and financial intermediation is costly, then buyer-seller pairs can save on their … overall financing costs by utilizing trade credit. We derive a model of trade credit and markups that captures this mechanism … this effect is stronger for complex products. Using Chilean data at the firm-level to estimate markups and at the trade …

We investigate theoretically and empirically how exporters adjust their markups across destinations depending on … unit, our model predicts that markups rise with distance and fall with tariffs, but these effects are heterogeneous and are …

also reveal that markups are a complex function of firm characteristics and that the price-setting behavior of firms in the …

new effects regarding markups response to consumer heterogeneity and trade liberalization. Specifically, the model … of markups, charged by monopolistically competitive firms across destination countries. …

depend on how changes in ownership affect markups versus efficiency. We find that owner fixed effects contribute very little …

in which firms' markups are endogenous to factor input choices based on technology levels, but are also affected by …