related to its institutional set up and antitrust activities (rather than merger control). The effect is strengthened by good … legal systems, suggesting complementarities between competition policy and the efficiency of law enforcement institutions. …

competition policy related to its institutional set up and antitrust activities (rather than merger control). The effect is … institutions. …

We estimate the deterrence effects of European Commission (EC) merger policy instruments over the 1990-2009 period. Our … empirical results suggest that phase-1 remedies uniquely generate robust deterrence as - unlike phase-1 withdrawals, phase-2 … deterrence effects of phase-1 remedies work best in high-concentration industries; i.e., industries where the HHI is above the 0 …

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the deterrence properties of a competition policy regime. On the … deterrence: 1) sanctions and damages; 2) financial and human resources; 3) powers during the investigation; 4) quality of the law …; 5) independence; and 6) separation of power. We then discuss how to measure deterrence. We review the literature that …

This paper provides a comprehensive discussion of the deterrence properties of a competition policy regime. On the … deterrence: 1) sanctions and damages; 2) financial and human resources; 3) powers during the investigation; 4) quality of the law …; 5) independence and 6) separation of power. We then discuss how to measure deterrence. We review the literature that …

policy related to its institutional setup and antitrust activities (rather than merger control). The effect is strengthened … institutions. …

An antitrust authority deters collusion using fines and a leniency program. Unlike in most of the earlier literature … distributed asymmetrically among firms. Asymmetry of the evidence can increase the cost of deterrence if the high-evidence firm …; this may increase the cost of deterrence. …

conditional probability of eliciting an antitrust challenge (i.e.,remedies and prohibitions) involves the strongest deterrence …We estimate the deterrence effects of U.S. merger policy instruments with respect tothe composition and frequency of …-losses: deterrence variables akin to the traditional conditional probabilities from theeconomics of crime literature. We find the …

In most jurisdictions, antitrust fines are based on affected commerce rather than on collusive profits, and in some …