freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal freedom. While judicial … independence is positively and robustly related to personal freedom in all its forms, electoral democracy displays a robust …

freedom is frequently associated with electoral democracy, developments in countries such as Hungary, Poland, Turkey and … Russia, where elected populist leaders with authoritarian tendencies rule, suggest that electoral democracy may not be the … provide a firmer foundation. We investigate empirically how electoral democracy and judicial independence relate to personal …

, efficiency and growth. We find that left regimes, choosing more progressive redistribution, maintain better environmental quality …, which supports empirical research. Inequality does not appear to be harmful for the environment, and it dampens the effect … of democracy imperfections on redistribution. …

What was the impact of urban political structure on economic inequality in preindustrial times? I document that more … closed political institutions were associated with higher economic inequality in a panel of early modern German cities. To … inequality. To mitigate concerns about reverse causality, I exploit the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) as a plausibly exogenous …

High-quality data on state-level inequality and incomes, panel data on corruption convictions, and careful attention to … of inequality, which indicate diminished prospects facing those convicted of corruption. In US states over 25 years we … show that inequality and higher government relative wages significantly and robustly produce less corruption. This reverses …

to the latter, it raises a conundrum: if populist policies are detrimental to economic growth, as most economists agree …

Countering recent rises in many countries of inequality in income and wealth is widely recognized as a major … development challenge. This is so from an ethical perspective and because greater inequality is perceived to be detrimental to key … development aims. Still, an informed debate on the effects of inequality requires clear evidence. This review contributes to the …

inequality of income and expenditure over that period. The paper calculates Lorenz and Generalised Lorenz curves and also the … Growth Incidence Curve of Ravallion and Chen to investigate the extent to which growth was “pro-poor”. The paper also … examines the composition of changes in inequality of income over the period. …

. A series of shocks, especially the fuel and food price crisis of 2008, combined with poor productivity growth in …