major oil exporters (Algeria, Iran, Nigeria, and Venezuela) with differing levels of internal violence. To capture the …

considerations for the case of Iraq. It presents important condi-tions of the post-conflict economy, and examines three critical … stability, economic demand and population stability are evaluated in the case of Iraq. Several other considerations are also …

cooperation. However, in Iraq and Syria, rising tensions between Turkey and Turkey-affiliated groups on the one hand and Iran and … Iran-backed groups on the other, have put the two countries on a collision course. Conflictual relations between Turkey and … Iran have the potential to destabilise the Middle East and the South Caucasus, spawning additional security risks as well …

How was life expectancy in Iran affected by the Islamic Revolution and subsequent war with Iraq? This study examines … the joint effect of regime change and the war against Iraq on life expectancy in Iran between 1978 and 1988. If there had … life expectancies of the counterfactual and actual Iran that underwent a regime change and war with Iraq. Our results …

This study examines the causal joint effect of a new political regime and war against Iraq on life expectancy of … Iran based on a weighted average of other Middle East and North Africa (‘MENA’) and Organization of the Petroleum Exporting … (‘OPEC’) countries. The synthetic Iran matches the average level of key pre-revolution life expectancy correlates and the …

The paper maps practically all European states between, on the one hand, the US and UK belligerents in the Iraq …