. First, we cover the role of health in driving economic growth and well-being and discuss standard frameworks for assessing … and their macroeconomic repercussions. Fourth, we discuss the health toll and economic impacts of five infectious diseases …: HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, and COVID-19. Although major epidemics and pandemics can take an enormous …

We estimate the effects of early childhood malaria exposure on education and health at older ages by exploiting … variations in malaria exposure risk around birth that resulted from a universal malaria eradication campaign in colonial Taiwan … in the early 20th century. We find that malaria exposure around birth leads to lower life-time educational attainment and …

malaria more salient, leading to a change in beliefs about its importance and to an increase in private health investments. …

and climate variability. These challenges include how to reduce the incidence of malaria (including the significant … challenge of resistant malaria), dengue, and other vector-borne and water-borne diseases that are likely to experience … and malaria transmitted by vectors like mosquitoes. In the context of growing financial pressure on governments due to …