be eliminated by a government support in the form of credit guarantees or subsidies. The principal-agent model of this … interest rate is not a sufficiently robust policy instrument. Lump-sum guarantees and interest rate subsidies are evaluated as …Credit contracting between a lender with a market power and a small start-up entrepreneur may lead to a rejection of …

Provision of credit guarantees or subsidies may remove an adverse selection leading to credit rationing. This paper … concentrates on comparison of government budget costs of credit guarantees and subsidies in a monopolistic credit market. Different … costs of high-risk entrepreneurs, the budget-cost minimizing government should prefer guarantees over interest rate …

measures to expand credit to family subsistence farmers, small and medium-sized enterprises, the population in general, and low …

income taxes as well as capital gains taxes and start-up capital subsidies on the volume and quality of venture capital …

guarantees induce excessive encumbrance and fragility. To mitigate such risk shifting, we study prudential regulatory tools …

-nationality crews grows at current rates, this would lower shipping subsidies - in 2015 the savings would amount to over 10 million …