output changes at an early stage. We illustrate the method with an evaluation of the impact of the 2008-2009 crisis in …

With the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008, European governments extensively intervened to avert a severe … than right-wing governments. As a crisis response, one could assume that European governments, especially social … how European governments mitigated the fiscal stress from the crisis. The findings show that fiscal pressures …

of the five countries to the 2008 crisis was countercyclical. On the fiscal side, countries had a larger fiscal space in … indicators and a reduction in financing needs in the years before the crisis. On the monetary side, the capacity to implement … countercyclical responses in future crisis episodes, the fiscal authorities should reverse expansionary measures during good times nd …

recent crisis using some stylised facts on changing output and employment struc-tures at detailed sectoral level. Focusing … differentiated impact of the recent crisis on struc-tural shifts in their economy. We start with stylised facts related to output and … (or divergence) of the New EU Member States (NMS) compared to the more advanced 'old' EU countries (OMS) during the crisis …

We analyse the background of the Greek debt crisis and evaluate the three Greek financial assistance programme. The … crisis and the first programme’s (2010-11) failure were mainly the result of misguided internal policies. The second …