For decades, nontariff trade barriers (NTBs) have been regarded as more problematic policy instruments than tariffs in international trade negotiations. This is due to the fact that trade impacts of nontariff trade barriers are less transparent than those of tariffs. Tariffication of nontariff...

Like many other industrialised countries Germany has experienced a powerful concentration process in food retailing. There are some issues, however, which make Germany a special case in Europe and among industrialised countries in general. This holds true in terms of market structure and...

The development of the Polish food retailing sector is very interesting. With the transition from a socialist to a market economy, structural change in the retailing sector has been especially rapid and the new open markets in Poland have attracted foreign investors throughout the economy in...

Since their implementation at the Uruguay Round, tariff rate quotas (TRQs) have become a widely used instrument of trade policy in agricultural trade. With almost 1300 TRQs scheduled at the WTO, it seems worthwhile to examine their economic effects more closely. This is what this paper does....

In many industrialized countries, the grocery-retailing sector exhibits a strong and increasing market concentration. Hence, it is important to understand retail pricing for many questions related to market power in the marketing chain and to agricultural and food policies. We analyze...

Alle Studien zum Ernährungssicherungsproblem, die einen weltweiten Ansatz wählen, kommen zum einheitlichen Ergebnis, daß Afrika die Problemregion ist. Während in den Entwicklungsländern insgesamt, in Asien und Lateinamerika die Nahrungsmittelproduktion pro Kopf im Zeitraum 1961-80 gestiegen...

It has been largely ignored in the commodity stabilization literature that export quota schemes can cause a co-existence between a controlled and an uncontrolled market. This article analyzes the welfare implications of such a scheme on non-participating importing countries. The determinants of...

This article analyzes determinants of agricultural price protection for one important food, wheat, in a pooled cross-country and time-series analysis. For the aggregate sample it is shown that wheat price protection increases with a rising level of economic development and with a growing import...

Nationale Agrarpolitiken in Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern werden vornehmlich beschlossen, um nationale Ziele zu verwirklichen. Dies hat jedoch oft Nebenwirkungen auf den Agraraußenhandel der Entwicklungsländer. Agrarpolitiken der Industrieländer beeinflussen Niveau und Stabilität der...