The relationship between per capita income and a number of pollution indicators has been found to display an inverted U …-shaped or downward-sloping pattern. Corruption may affect this relationship in two distinct ways: by raising pollution at given …. Using cross section data for several indicators of pollution, the paper estimates the direct and the indirect effect of …

on the basis of patent data was conducted and a weighted bivariate probit model was estimated on the citation probability … of industry and science on the basis of a combined sample of citing and cited patent pairs and an equal number of control … patent pairs. The empirical results suggest that there are considerable differences in the citation probability. Cultural …

patent experience of inventors and universities further help explain the variance in ownership patterns. Both experienced and …

output. Research units that source research ideas from small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) patent more, but not more …

Environmental pollution is a serious problem in Middle and Eastern Europe. Although most Middle and Eastern European … internalizing the negative external effects of environmental pollution as well as the positive external effects of environmental …

database of patent applications from a cross-section of countries evidence is provided for the positive effect of flexibility … world economy. For a given level of policy stringency, countries with more flexible environmental policies are more likely …