risk (particularly downside risk), this hints at an insurance-like character of corporate social responsibility: Firms with … low ESG activity need to offer a corresponding risk premium. The perception of ESG as an insurance can be shown to be …

financial performance. In contrast to former studies, we examine two different regions, namely the USA and Europe. Our … between 2003 and 2006 appear to be more robust in the USA and, in addition, to be nonlinear. Our analysis furthermore points …

degree of insurance to income shocks. It combines panel data on income from the PSID with consumption data from repeated CEX … cross-sections and distinguishes between permanent and transitory income shocks. We find some partial insurance of permanent … income shocks with more insurance possibilities for the college educated and those nearing retirement. We find little …

correlation in their assets (health, wealth, wisdom, i.e. skills), causing them to demand a great deal of insurance coverage …. Insurers on the other hand eschew positively correlated risks. It can be shown that insurance contributes to a reduction of … insurance. Analyzing deviations from trend in aggregate insurance payments, one finds the following for the United States and …

CSR by business through its adherence to acceptable governance praxis. Corporate regulation in Pakistan is heavily …