. However, the econometric analysis performed on our panel data set confirms the assumption that this relationship is strongly …

additional variables. The Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Johansson Cointegration tests are used to test stationarity for all … variables and cointegration respectively. The results of these tests demonstrate that all variables are non-stationary at levels …

expansion of tourism. Cointegration techniques and the multivariate Granger causality test are applied. Results reveal that …

explains the concept of panel unit roots and panel cointegration and introduces the underlying empirical approach. Next … employs a panel data technique is used. This estimator is suited for integrated annual macroeconomic panel data sets to …

variables. Furthermore, we test for cointegration between our regression variables. For the EU, results of an error correction …

unobserved common factors using panel data from 1973 until 2007 for 19 OECD countries. Applying a principal component analysis we … national stochastic trends. We find evidence for a cross-section cointegration relationship between the exchange rates and …

prices and economic growth and energy consumption were tested empirically using error-correction based panel cointegration … tests and panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. We applied this methodology on annual data of composite …. We found significant cointegration between energy prices and real GDP per capita as well as between energy prices and …

have mainly utilised panel-estimation methods, the tests of causal chains here are carried out in time-series settings …