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This report presents a long-term view of the evolution of financing of EU non-financial corporations (NFCs) in recent decades. It finds a decline in NFC leverage since at least 2008, and across countries, size categories and industries. It also documents a growing role of non-bank financial...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014327946
Regulierung neben dem Preis auch über den Aktionsparameter Werbung verfügt. Die Modellergebnisse zeigen, dass der … stärker den Einsatz absatzpolitischer Instrumente bei der Regulierung zu berücksichtigen, also den Einsatz der Werbung …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010377895
By using an existing and a new convergence measure, this paper assesses whether bank loan and bond interest rates are converging for the non-financial corporate sector across the euro area. Whilst we find evidence for complete bond market integration, the market for bank loans remains segmented,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010427552
Pricing strategies may include the advertising of meeting-the-competition clauses (MCCs). We show in a specific spatial …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010321690
. Information can come through two different channels: advertising and sequential consumer search. We arrive at the following … results. First, there is no monotone relationship between prices and the degree of advertising. Second, advertising and search … are “substitutes” for a large range of parameters. Third, when the cost of either search or advertising vanishes, the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010325593
We model the idea that when consumers search for products, they first visit the firm whose advertising is more salient …. The gains a firm derives from being visited early increase in search costs, so equilibrium advertising increases as search … heterogeneity in advertising costs. Firms whose advertising is more salient and therefore raise attention more easily charge lower …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010325866
advertising in that medium. We apply a simple model of a product market with network externalities where firms buy advertising …. The paper is the first combining a study of media markets with a behavioral foundation of how advertising affects the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010330239
) industry. I present an empirical discrete-choice model of limited information on the part of consumers, where advertising … influences the set of products from which consumers choose to purchase. Multi-product firms choose prices and advertising in each … medium to maximize their profits. I apply the model to the US PC market, in which advertising expenditures are over $2 …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010263301
price collusion in duopoly markets. Two environments are tested, in which the size of the spillover between advertising … expenditures is varied. The results show that the competitiveness of advertising and prices are significantly higher when the … advertising spillover is higher than the price spillover than when advertising spillover is lower than the price spillover. In the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010264854
It is sometimes argued that more advertising raises consumption which in turn stimulates output and so economic growth … advertising does not Granger-cause growth but Granger-causes consumption. Consumption, in turn, Granger-causes GDP growth. The … data imply that the immediate impact of more advertising on consumption is positive. However, the long-run effect is …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010266892