The Brussels Effect, once emblematic of the EU's alleged influence in shaping global regulations, has now become a factor contributing to global regulatory fragmentation. The EU must recalibrate its trajectory towards a liberal and rules-based trading order, prioritizing widespread regulatory...

A dynamic general equilibrium model that generalises Roemer's [23] economy with a global capital market is analysed. An axiomatic analysis of the concept of unequal exchange (UE) between countries is developed at general dynamic equilibria. The class of UE definitions that satisfy three...

Biokraftstoffe werden weltweit in immer mehr Ländern von der Politik gezielt gefördert. Dies geschieht aus agrar-, energie- und klimapolitischen Gründen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die derzeitigen und zukünftigen Märkte für Biokraftstoffe und die Förderprogramme in einzelnen Ländern....

Die Finanz- und Wirtschaftskrise von 2008 hat zu einem ausgeprägten Einbruch des liechtensteinischen Güterhandels geführt. Der schweizerische Güterhandel war in diesem Zeitraum in einem vergleichsweise geringeren Ausmass von der schwachen internationalen Nachfrage und den...

This paper analyzed how the main economies have used the antidumping measures (AD) after the Uruguay round, between 1995 and 2012. Therefore, some techniques were employed in order to reveal the main AD users and the trend, of using this instrument, associated to each one of them. We also tested...

The electoral campaign of Argentina's new president Javier Milei has revived the debate over the pros and cons of dollarization. Critics argue that dollarizing would force Argentina to import the monetary policy of the Federal Reserve, regardless of whether the Fed's policies are appropriate for...

A persistent issue for central banks in emerging market economies (EMEs) has been their difficulties in pursuing counter-cyclical monetary policies such as those adopted in advanced economies (AEs). The flexible inflation targeting pursued by most AE central banks entails tightening monetary...

The emerging-market and developing economies face a multitude of grave challenges as they confront the COVID-19 pandemic, including a critical lack of budgetary space. Observers have highlighted the need to bolster the international financial institutions' lending capacity in the event of a...

We consider a symmetric three-stage game played by a pair of regulator-firm hierarchies to capture the scale and technology effects. Each firm produces one good sold on the market. The production process generates pollution characterized by a fixed emission/output ratio, and cross-borders. Firms...