Between 1829 and 1853, the Lower Danube region became one of the strategic grain supply points for the Mediterranean entrepôts and a source for supplementing Britain's food requirements. The Crimean War ended in 1856 with Russia's removal from the Mouths of the Danube. In this context, in...

The paper aims to analyze the economic interests of some of the Balkan countries and Great Powers in Albania's resources above and below ground with a focus on hydrocarbons. It covers the pe- riod 1920-1926, specifically after the end of World War I when some of the Balkan states and Great...

I explore the fact that the Mongol Empire invaded most of Eurasia but left Western Europe untouched. I hypothesize that differences in exposure to the Mongols resulted in divergent institutional paths. Where the Mongols invaded, they set up highly centralized autocratic institutions. Meanwhile,...

The Italian credit and financial system was the result of progressive developments that accelerated during the process of Italian unification. Our essay analyses the role of local private bankers in modernizing the economic and financial system of the country and the way in which the gradual...