Pakistan using co-integration and causality analysis during the period 0f 1972-2010. A large number of empirical studies on the … exchange rate and budget deficit are found elastic and significant variables to influence the real GDP in Pakistan. The pair …-wise Granger Causality results suggest that real GDP and real exchange rate are causing to each other bi-directionally. The real …

expansion of tourism. Cointegration techniques and the multivariate Granger causality test are applied. Results reveal that …

Bayraktar-Saglam and Yetkiner (2012) growth framework. We show that the intensity of defense spending in GDP has both positive …

have mainly utilised panel-estimation methods, the tests of causal chains here are carried out in time-series settings …. Saving and GDP are estimated in bivariate vector autoregressive or vector error-correction models for Sweden, UK, and USA …

productivity for a sample of 33 developing countries over the period 1980-2005. Using panel cointegration techniques, we find that …

test in a panel environment to determine the causality of economic growth and structural change measured either in terms of …

. The analysis proposed is based on a panel data approach and the Arellano-Bond estimator for dynamic panels. We obtain … growth, we try to explain tourism arrivals conditional on GDP and other covariates such as safety, prices and education level …, and investment in infrastructures. We employ a generalised least squares AR(1) panel data model. The results provide …

techniques for panel unit root testing and heterogeneous panel cointegration analysis are employed. The empirical results provide … China using the quarterly province-level panel data for the period 1999 q1 to 2007 q4. Recently developed econometric … clear support of a stable long-run relationship between housing investment, non-housing investment and GDP in China. We then …

explains the concept of panel unit roots and panel cointegration and introduces the underlying empirical approach. Next … employs a panel data technique is used. This estimator is suited for integrated annual macroeconomic panel data sets to … estimate long-run relationships between GDP per capita and its determinants of the underlying cross-section of 12 industrial …