depicted and its effects on formal and informal labour markets. The most important challenges for employment policy as well as …

picture described suggest that the Italian labour market is characterised by high employment rates for adult males and both … low participation and low employment rates for other groups of individuals (such as young, old and females) and by a large … share of long-term unemployment. The rise in unemployment and its persistently high level have been blamed, both in Italy …

. Understanding the interaction between income support systems (such as unemployment benefits, social assistance, early retirement and …. The German labor market has been plagued by high and persistent unemployment in the last two decades in combination with a …

. Understanding the interaction between income support systems (such as unemployment benefits, social assistance, early retirement and …. The German labor market has been plagued by high and persistent unemployment in the last two decades in combination with a …

force participation is high and the unemployment rate is low (also for young workers). Among the unemployed there are …

shipyard workers and miners. They have higher employment, not higher unemployment, and higher earnings than the comparison …

than it was in 1989. Last, the rate of self-employment has been falling gently in ISSP data; even so three to four times as … satisfied than are employees, one consistent interpretation of the above is that the barriers to self-employment have grown in …