A monetary approach that combines Chartalism, Nominalism, and Command origins of monetary systems is often deemed to have emerged only recently, while the Aristotelian approach (Commodity, Metallism, and Market origins of monetary systems) is the only one that existed until the end of the...

The nature of money continues to perplex us. Over time anthropologists, economists, historians and sociologists have provided various answers to the question "what is money?" Ultimately these answers reflect different and often contradictory approaches to the dynamics of economic systems and...

This study examines the Nigeria Naira to US Dollar (?/$) exchange rate determinants within the monetarist framework while accounting for potential asymmetric responses of the exchange rate to changes in money supply, real income, monetary policy rate, and inflation rate in Nigeria relative to...

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, G7 central banks have launched asset purchase programs in anticipation of an increase in government bond offerings to finance ballooning fiscal deficits. As the volume of government bonds owned by private investors is not expected to rise during the current...

Traditional monetary models of hyperinflation suffer from severe stability problems: equilibria with realistic comparative-static properties are unstable while those with unrealistic comparative statics are stable. In the present paper I develop a model of hyperinflation which is based on an...

This paper provides a non-steady state general equilibrium foundation for the transactions demand for money going back to Baumol (1952) and Tobin (1956). In our economy, money competes against real capital as a store of value. We prove existence of a monetary general equilibrium in which both...

The current discussion about the future of the financial system draws heavily on a set of theories known as the 'New Monetary Economics'. The New Monetary Economics predicts that deregulation and financial innovation will lead to a moneyless world. This paper uses a market microstructure...

The central banking literature regards central bank independence and a transparent monetary policy as best suited to achieve and safeguard monetary stability. The existing empirical literature, however, failed in establishing a solid ground for this consensus. This paper sheds some new light on...

Recently, the U. S. subprime crisis has shown that a weak collateralization of credits may have massive economic implications, entailing severe perturbations of the international financial system. We focus on central bank lending and try to pin down the quantitative impact of the...

Since the beginning of the fall of monetarism in the mid-1980s, mainstream macroeconomics has incorporated many of the principles of post-Keynesian endogenous money theory. This paper argues that the most important critical component of post-Keynesian monetary theory today is its rejection of...