Competitive tendering of local bus services in Germany has received increased attention. Employing Seemingly Unrelated … the federal state of Hesse increase over time, prices in the Munich area decrease. Optimisation of bus utilisation in …

space one from the other to avoid undesirable concentrations inside buses and bus stops. In conclusion, a very accurate …

capital good, subject to congestion. We show how in the presence of congestion the effect of government investment on private … the degree of congestion. Both lump-sum and distortionary tax financing are considered, with this tradeoff being tightened …

significance of these responses to congestion externalities, and argue that they need to be taken into account in designing … internalization instruments. We consider labor-leisure, regional labor mobility and house price responses to congestion externalities …

authority in terms of population is obtained where the increase in proprietary risks due to congestion meets the decrease in …

agglomeration and congestion. The main finding is that the negative effect of congestion on productivity is highly likely to …

agglomeration and congestion. The main finding is that the negative effect of congestion on productivity is highly likely to …

This paper develops a two-sector R&D-based growth model with congestion effects from increasing urban population … from the modern to the traditional sector and Engel’s law holds. In turn, urban congestion effects cause a productivity … allocation depends on the strength of urban congestion effects. …

congestion process in some countries. For checking it, we utilize a Barro and Sala i Martin endogenous growth model which … the speed of convergence but generates congestion in some countries. These spatial variables also affect the aggregate … supply, and hence the price and output levels. Key words: transportation, regional growth, convergence, congestion. JEL Class …