little effect. Properties with confirmed contamination sell at a 47% discount relative to comparable uncontaminated parcels …

over fixed size symmetric contamination and infinitesimal asymmetric neighborhoods, respectively. The maximum increase of …, respectively, and less than 1/3 in other typical contamination models. In most of our models, the radius needs to be specified only … estimator is employed. The least favorable radii leading to the radius minimax estimators turn out small: 5% - 6% contamination …