The aim of this paper is to investigate the question of gender difference in the entrepreneurial orientation of managers in the post-transition economy of Slovenia. The concept of intervening variables as parts of the conative components of entrepreneurial orientation is introduced and gender...

An empirical survey aiming to investigate middle managers working at medium- and large-sized enterprises in Hungary has been conducted since 2007. Its purpose has been to reveal the competences these middle managers find important for knowledge sharing and to discover the characteristics that...

The phenomenon of devolution, or transfer of human resource management (HRM) responsibilities to middle managers (MM) has mainly been studied and measured as a homogeneous and unidimensional phenomenon. However, the variations found in the literature suggest that this key HR concept may be of a...

The shift to remote work mode significantly impacts the way people work, especially middle managers, who play a fundamental role in organizations. There is a broad consensus that they have a key responsibility in deploying strategies, and in terms of operations and organizational culture. Based...

There are myriad organizational anecdotes about middle managers who advance their careers by ingratiating themselves with their superiors while exploiting and abusing their subordinates. We formally define this behavioural combination as the Kiss‐Up‐Kick‐Down (KUKD) phenomenon and develop...

When verifiable performance measures are imperfect, organizations often resort to subjective performance pay. This may give supervisors the power to direct employees towards tasks that mainly benefit the supervisor rather than the organization. We cast a principal-supervisor-agent model in a...

Recent thinking has emphasized the importance of consistency in a firm?s compensation policy. By starting from Williamson?s ideas about idiosyncratic exchange, this view can be supplied with some theoretical foundation. At the same time, the consistency view can be applied to a number of...

We claim that understanding human decisions requires that both automatic and deliberate processes be considered. First, we sketch the qualitative differences between two hypothetical processing systems, an automatic and a deliberate system. Second, we show the potential that connectionism offers...