assurance scheme (QAS) were decided as responses by fruit and vegetable producers to market conditions, separating certification … implementation of QMS and binary probit for the choice of QAS. It is found that the buyers' demand for certification and the efforts … can lead to the diffusion of certification. Because the absence of information provision and the controls exerted by …

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the scope for international private standards to play a role in reducing … the risk distribution. Certification also correlates negatively with risk-reduction for technologically advanced firms, as …

' choice of a dominant source for acquiring information and the knowledge about standards. The questionnaire survey research … source for gaining knowledge about standards. Domestic SMEs shape their decisions to hire consultants predominantly because … of a negative perception of standards. The usage of customer inputs as a dominant source for gaining information and …

Gemessen an den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen der Bevölkerung, können Standards in Entwicklungsländern sowohl zu hoch als … auch zu niedrig sein. Beides ist möglich. Zu niedrige Standards sind oft darauf zurückzuführen, dass es an Verfahren fehlt …, die kollektives Handeln ermöglichen. Übernimmt man hingegen einfach die Standards aus reichen Nationen, kann das …

producers in developing countries are disadvantaged by the increasing prevalence of food quality standards. Based on a …

This paper studies the effect of regional trade agreements on firms' exports. Using detailed information on the content … of trade agreements and firm-level exports for 31 developing countries between 2000 and 2020, the analysis shows that the … firms' exports, on average, by 3.6 percent. In line with models of trade with heterogeneous firms and mark-ups, the trade …