recently that the term sustainability economics was used explicitly in the ecological, environmental, and resource economics … community. Yet, the contributions that use the term sustainability economics do not refer to any explicit definition of the term … background. The question thus arises: What is sustainability economics? In this essay, we make an attempt at systematically …

innovations. So far, the lead market concept in innovation economics has only been applied to innovations in general. We extend …

technologies under uncertainty. Specifically, given two technologies, one with lower costs at present, but the other with greater … uncertainty in the returns to R&D, how should one allocate the R&D budget? We develop a multi-stage stochastic dynamic programming … variance in the uncertainty in returns to R&D and with the skewness of the uncertainty. We also present an illustrative case …