multilateralize it. The paper first reviews free trade agreement (FTA) developments, and discusses the characteristics and motives of … FTAs in East Asia. It then analyzes the contents of major plurilateral FTAs in East Asia, that is ASEAN's five FTAs each …

economy. It involves liberalization and facilitation of trade in goods, services, and investment, as well as protection and … small extent of intra-ASEAN trade, and the wide differences in economic size, development level, and industrial competence … strategies and external pressures (such as the formation of the European Union Single Market and the North American Free Trade …

century. Secondly, in one area of economic activity - trade in government procurement markets - the revised WTO Agreement on … Government Procurement (GPA) is emerging as a multi-dimensional tool of trade, governance and development. The thesis of this …

This paper reviews the role of services in development and growth, the potential role of trade in services as a driver … domestic trade costs. Barriers to trade in services have direct as well as indirect effects on cross-border trade and … investment, but research suggests that the extent to which countries will benefit from open services regimes and regional …

Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), it derives insights from a large number of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) that embody … substantive provisions on both government procurement and services trade. An important finding is that, from an economic … perspective, general market access commitments with respect to services trade and commitments regarding government procurement of …

for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), to track the importance of trade within global value chains in East Asia and … Latin America. The analysis shows that while value chain trade is important within the overall trade landscape, it takes … East Asia supplies manufactured goods. The pattern is not uniform, but there are important elements of this dynamic at play …

. This paper looks at historical ties between India and Africa. It identifies trade and investment patterns in recent decades …

We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food markets, international trade …, and global supply chains. We focus on their effects on welfare, trade, industrial organization, and labor markets and with … impediment against trade and development, reflecting the complexity of these effects and their specificity to industries and …

bilateral trade statistics and provides a case study for 10 countries in Asia and the Pacific. The paper also provides an …This working paper introduces the concept of bilateral asymmetries in international merchandise trade statistics (IMTS …), i.e. the discrepancies that can be seen in reported bilateral trade flows between trading partners. Such discrepancies …

We use an empirical gravity equation approach to study how nonreciprocal trade preferences (NRTPs), enacted mainly …, the average trade effect stemming from nonreciprocal preferences is highly unstable across specifications. However, once … effect on the exports of beneficiaries when they are members of the World Trade Organization and are very poor. Not …