This paper provides an empirical investigation of severe misconducts in contests based on data from European football championships. We differentiate between two types of severe misconducts both resulting in a yellow card, namely dissents with the referee and other misconducts, and between...

The gaming economy has expanded rapidly in East Asia over the past decade. Despite the known public health hazards of secondhand smoking, smoking bans in casinos remain controversial due to concerns over the potential economic harm to casino firms. Applying an event study, the authors examine...

This empirical study investigates whether and how much individuals are willing to pay for hosting Olympic Games in Germany. Moreover, it is examined for the first time what individuals are willing to accept to host Olympic Games in their own country if they do not like that. Furthermore, this...

Recent analyses relate increases in the growth rate of countries to anticipation effects caused by bidding for the Olympic Games, so called news shocks. We argue that these findings should be interpreted cautiously. First, these analyses may suffer from an omitted variable bias because they...

To assess the likely effects of population ageing on the outcomes of direct democracy, we analyze the effect of age on voting decisions in public referenda. To this end, we provide the first quantitative review of the literature and a case study of the Stuttgart 21 referendum on one of the...

This contribution analyzes 132 factors on their potential to discriminate countries bidding for hosting the Olympic Games from non-bidding countries. Our binary, clustered model using generalized estimating equations (GEE) shows that countries recording long-term economic growth and pursuing a...

This microeconometric study analyzes the effects of individual leisure sports participation on long-term labour market variables, on socio-demographic as well as on health and subjective well-being indicators for West Germany based on individual data from the German Socio-Economic Panel study...

Very little attention has been paid to the impact of sports participation on the labour market in the European academic literature while it has received significant recognition in the United States. We consider sports practice as a way to improve or signal non-cognitive skills endowment. And it...

Vor dem Beginn der Fußball Europameisterschaft (EM 2008) haben nur etwa ein Fünftel der befragten Erwachsenen geglaubt, dass das Auswahlteam des Deutschen Fußball Bundes (DFB) die Europameisterschaft gewinnen wird. Nach dem Auftaktsieg der DFB-Auswahl ist dieser Wert sofort gestiegen. Man...

Südafrika wird als erster afrikanischer Staat eine Fußballweltmeisterschaft ausrichten. Dies ist eine große Aufgabe für eine junge Nation, die zwar wirtschaftlich prosperiert, aber immer noch schwer an den Lasten der Apartheid trägt und in vielerlei Hinsicht der Dritten Welt angehört. Der...