what one would expect from the theory of short-lived coins. Economic backwardness, limited monetization of society and … separate currency areas facilitated re-coinage. Re-coinage with varying frequency was applied in 1180-1290 when only bracteates … dating of types to specific periods of the kings' reigns. However, monetization increased in the late 13th century, making re …

types. The fragility was not a big problem, since the bracteates would not circulate for a long period. When monetization …Although the leaf-thin bracteates are the most fragile coins in monetary history, they were the main coin type for … almost two centuries in large parts of medieval Europe. The usefulness of the bracteates can be linked to the contemporary …

was less restrictive and had lower administrative costs for the coin issuer than re-coinage. Besides low monetization, the … debasements than routine calendar driven re-coinage, due to the high uncertainty. …

monetization of government debt and its major implication, namely, that it leads to printing money and, consequently, to inflation …, monetization does not occur as it is often described, and it is not nearly as dangerous as its critics argue (and not as useful as …

precious metal contained in them these debasements reflect considerable fluctuations in these coins" exchange value. Whilst …