With the recent global economic and financial crisis, the governments throughout Europe have been closing, concentrating, restructuring or privatizing some public services and, at the same time, the number of services available in electronic platforms (e.g., by Internet or telephone) has been...

In the early 70s, the retail landscape of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA) was mostly confined to the Lisbon downtown. However, the retail landscape is changing at a rapid pace. In the mid-80s, two focus of retail competition (Amoreiras Shopping Center and Roma Avenue) appeared out-of-city...