resources spent on attack and defense) and helps us identify a new class of networks-windmill graphs-that minimize conflict. We … collective welfare? We first provide a characterization of optimal attack and defense in terms of two classical concepts in graph … study of targeted defense. What are the 'key' nodes to defend to maximize functionality of the network? What are the …

efforts in the two periods, depending on asset valuations, asset growth, time discounting, and contest intensities, and when …

sharing when attack is costly or the firm's defense is cheap. The two hackers share information, but a second more … attack and share information. Each hacker seeks financial gain, beneficial information exchange, and reputation gain. The two … hackers' attacks and the firms' defenses are inverse U-shaped in each other. A hacker shifts from attack to information …

order to model the uncertainty effects, a data-driven framework based on point estimate method and support vector machine is …

The current coronavirus pandemic is a recent example of how an unpredictable event can cause uncertainty and affect … Uncertainty Index, developed by the three economists Scott R. Baker, Nicholas Bloom and Steven J. Davis, try to capture … perceptions of uncertainty and use them to generate predictions for the economic future. The index is based on a search term that …

Do institutions and culture affect environmental values? In this article we analyze 1,041 environmental valuations of … wetland valuations. Understanding these important and varying effects of institutions and culture on wetland valuations is …

. Based on this characterization, the paper introduces a concept of optimization that is robust to a small imprecision in the … such a robust optimization. …