of geoeconomic policy tools such as sanctions and embargoes. Second, the geopolitics of international trade, especially …

This study investigates the case of Iran to evaluate how changes in the intensity of international sanctions affect … indicate that higher intensity sanctions may allow sender country governments to put pressure on target country political … regimes without risking an outbreak of major violent conflicts. Therefore, more intensive sanctions, may also not be helpful …

of geoeconomic policy tools such as sanctions and embargoes. Second, the geopolitics of international trade, especially …

output remained robust for some export-oriented industries. The first months of war show sanctions took an increasing toll on …

This paper examines the impact of coalitions on the economic costs of the 2012 Iran and 2014 Russia sanctions. By … sanctions potential - the maximum welfare change attainable - when sanctions are scaled vertically, i.e. across sectors up to an … Russia inflicted considerable economic harm, yielding 32 - 37% of the vertical sanctions potential. Our key finding is that …

sanctions and export restrictions on Russia in response to the war in Ukraine, while responses from East Asian economies have … Asia have not imposed sanctions on Russia and thus could potentially provide substitutes for Russia for some technology … imports restricted by sanctions. There is little evidence so far, however, of any such shift occurring. …