a long-term perspective of almost 170 years. Exports seem to have played a positive, though modest, role in promoting … sector. The contribution of exports to growth, however, seems to have been stronger in the final years of the 19th century …

before and after the start of the Second World War. To this end, we perform Granger-causality tests between exports and GDP …, and between imports and GDP, following the novel methodology of Juodis et al. (2021) for panel data models with large …

liberalisation involved in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on exports, imports and the balance of payments in Mexico …. The main empirical results suggest that the trade reforms during the mid-1980s had a significant impact of trade, exports … and imports; however, the effects of NAFTA are negligible. Since the mid-1980s, the propensity to import has exceeded the …

growth. Except for the use of exports to measure trade openness, using openness index and imports to proxy for trade openness …, more openness, exports and imports lead to increased economic growth. This implies that a significant proportion of … economic growth in Uganda has been due to short-run increase in the country's openness, more exports and imports. This paper …

dependence of carbon dioxide emissions on macroeconomic indicators such as gross domestic product, exports, imports, inflation … focus on conducting a multi-econometric study of the impact of macroeconomic factors (gross domestic product, exports …, imports, inflation, and unemployment) on CO2 emissions in the EU region. Systematization, empirical comparative analysis, and …