Recent rounds of GATT and later WTO have advocated widespread tariffication, meaning that existing non-tariff barriers … be converted into import equivalent tariffs. From an economic point of view, the effects of such tariffication are not … tariffication. The ranking of pre- and post-tariffication welfare depends crucially on the nature of the initial trade barrier and …

2017. Tariffication will involve greater competition from imports and the decline of domestic paddy prices, thereby … tariffication. Evaluation considers international experience with such schemes based on cost, efficiency, and coverage of farmers. A …

the tariffication of the rice import quota. Tariffication is disadvantageous to the palay sector across various measures … to rice imports. Consistent with expectation, imports are larger with tariffication, leading to more affordable consumer …

underwriting practices in London's primary sovereign bond market from 1870 to 1914. It shows how underwriting risk developed from … position of issuing houses and forced them to shoulder an increasing share of the underwriting risk. Issuing houses had to find … methods to deal with this risk, but they were initially hamstrung by public perception of underwriting as detrimental to the …

We study the role of banking relationships in IPO underwriting. Among other issues, we consider whether banking …

We study the role of banking relationships in IPO underwriting. Among other issues, we consider whether banking …

do primary offerings. We conclude that this rapid, worldwide shift towards accelerated underwriting creates a spot market …