The present paper provides an overview of literature on the shift to services. It follows the three dimensions of structural change - final demand, the inter-industry division of labor and inter-industry productivity differences. It first looks at the ?classics?, however (Fisher (1935), Clark...

Since the early 2000s, there has been rapid growth in the number and spread of supermarkets in southern Africa. This paper is a synthesis of key findings of studies undertaken in Botswana, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe on the expansion of supermarkets and the impact this has had on...

This paper reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then discuss how these factors are frequently measured in the data and note some resulting empirical regularities....

Empirical research in organizational ecology has mainly focused on analyzing founding and mortality rates using life history data of the organizations. We try to extend this approach in our study in a number of ways. In contrast to most empirical studies in organizational ecology, we chose a...

Germany's big cities are gaining in attractiveness both as a place for living and as a location for companies. Even as Germany's total population is declining, the population of cities increased by nearly 3 percent between 1999 and 2008. The same is true for spatial shifts in the economy: During...

Die großen Städte Deutschlands gewinnen sowohl als Wohnorte als auch als Unternehmensstandorte mehr und mehr an Attraktivität. Die Einwohnerzahlen sind zwischen 1999 und 2008 um fast drei Prozent gestiegen, während die Bevölkerung Deutschlands insgesamt leicht schrumpfte. Ähnlich ist die...

Deutschland hat von der Internationalisierung der Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) in multinationalen Unternehmen profitiert. Nachdem die internationale FuE-Bilanz bis 2001 ausgeglichen war, investieren ausländische Unternehmen inzwischen in Deutschland mehr in FuE als deutsche Unternehmen im...

The provision of airport services results in a web of contractual relationships between the main contractor and other firms. The existence of multiple services offered in airports allows several contractual alternatives to be chosen. In particular, the main contractor may choose to carry out...

The potential benefits of the geographical clustering of economic activity have been well documented in the literature, yet there is little empirical evidence quantifying these effects in developing country contexts. This is surprising given the emphasis in industrial policy on productivity...

Scientific research performance measurement and its analysis creates the context where universities are forced to develop strategies to increase the values obtained from indicators such as number of scientific articles, the number of citations of these articles, h-index, g-index, etc. The...