heterogeneous groups. When punishment is not allowed all groups converge towards free-riding. With punishment, contributions … that these differences are not accidentally but enforced by punishment. The enforced contribution norms are related to …

heterogeneous groups. When punishment is not allowed all groups converge towards free-riding. With punishment, contributions … that these differences are not accidental but enforced by punishment. The enforced contribution norms are related to …

punishment in a social dilemma. Emotional reaction to free-riding incites individuals to apply sanctions when they are available …. The application of sanctions activates a virtuous emotional circle that accompanies cooperation. Emotionally aroused …We use skin conductance responses and self-reports of hedonic valence to study the emotional basis of cooperation and …

anger, ‘social’ emotions like shame and guilt need to be present for punishment to be an effective deterrent of …

allowing for the costs of sanctions, efficiencies are similar across the different networks that allow for punishment and the …-governed monitoring and sanctions. This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of decentralized sanctioning institutions where … punishment opportunities are restricted to agents who are linked through alternative punishment networks. We find that the …

This paper experimentally examines how religious festivals and the degree of religiosity affect cooperation and … altruistic punishment by using public goods experiments. We conducted the experiments in Turkey at different points in time; one … religious festivals other than the normal daily prayers. The overall results show no differences in cooperation or altruistic …

Although legal sanctions are often non-deterrent, we frequently observe compliance with 'mild laws'. A possible … explanation is that the incentives to comply are shaped not only by legal, but also by social sanctions. This paper employs a … institutions are complements or substitutes. Our results show that legal sanctions partially crowd out social norm enforcement. The …

In small groups norm enforcement is provided by mutual punishment and reward. In large societies we have enforcement …, the sanctioning system imposes penalties and rewards on deviations from the endogenous norm contribution. It is shown that …