seed is considered as the concept of a life-giving element of all things and individuals in a scientific context.This seed … and the resulting ideas about the origin of life in the world. Special attention is paid to Robert Boyle's and Isaac … Newton's explanation of the origin of life. …

This paper looks at the links between health and socio-economic status. It is generally assumed by non-economists that … it is low SES that causes ill health, but this paper asks whether the causation might also work the other way. Even if … the direction of causation is that SES mainly affects health, what dimensions of SES actually matter — the financial …

development assistance for health for the period of 1990 till 2007. The central question is to what extent health indicators …, reflecting the health objectives stated in the Millennium Development Goals, influence such decisions. The analysis reveals that … health indicators are important determinants of the selection and allocation process for health assistance but to a different …

This paper analyzes the targeting of development assistance for health across countries in a multivariate regression … characteristics and the donor-recipient-relationship are argued to be important determinants. The results show that health indicators …

This paper interprets accidents occurring on the way to and from work as negative health shocks to identify the causal … effect of health on labor market outcomes. We argue that in our sample of exactly matched treated and control workers, these … health shocks are quasi-randomly assigned. A fixed-effects difference-in-differences approach estimates a negative and …

We study the contribution of health-related behaviors to the health-education gradient by distinguishing between short … behaviors in the health production function. Focusing on self-reported poor health as our health outcome, we find that education … has a protective effect for European males and females aged 50+. We also find that the mediating effects of health …

one stage in the life cycle enhance skills and health formation at later stages. This paper presents an empirical …Self-productivity is a crucial feature in the process of skill formation. It means that skills and health acquired at … over time. A one percent increase in birth weight increase child's noncognitive skills by 0.34 percent and child's health …

one stage in the life cycle enhance skills and health formation at later stages. This paper presents an empirical …Self-productivity is a crucial feature in the process of skill formation. It means that skills and health acquired at … over time. A one percent increase in birth weight increase child's noncognitive skills by 0.34 percent and child's health …

. Secondly, we are able to follow the effect of pollution exposure on a child's health during the first three years of life …This paper examines the impact of outdoor and indoor pollution on children's health from birth until the age of three … significantly negative impact for some pollutants on infant health during early childhood. In comparison to outdoor pollution …

In this paper, we examine how parental health affects children's development of personality traits and problem behavior …. Based on a German mother-and-child data base, we draw on observed parental health shocks as a more exogenous source of … health variation to identify these effects and control for child and family characteristics including variables reflecting …