in basic research. We find that the closer the country is to the world’s technological frontier the more the government … should invest in basic research. Basic-research expenditures are increasing with a country’s degree of openness as long as …

We propose a normative assessment of the value of international trade that is rooted in production theory and embeds …

consumers via an extended set of consumption possibilities, as pointed out in the "New Trade Theory". In this paper, we apply …

technologically advanced sectors in the economy. Then, we explore how different degrees of openness affect long-term incentives to … invest in basic research. Our main insight is that higher openness tends to encourage more investment in basic research which …

studies of the seventies and eighties under the auspices of OECD, NBER and World Bank. These studies played a critical role in ….g. Sachs and Warner (1995)) and opponents (Rodriguez and Rodrik (1999)) of the view that openness to trade is linked to higher … can come only from careful case studies of policy regimes of individual entries such as those of OECD, NBER and World Bank …