Market analysts and central banks often use the implied volatility of FX options as an indicator of expected exchange … deviate the value of implied volatility from the exchange rate variability expected by the market. These biasing factors are … one month. However, implied volatility provides a biased estimate, and does not encompass the information included in …

volatility. Compared to the classical lognormal distribution it has an additional shape parameter. It emerges that moment (in …

financial return data because they are able to capture volatility clustering as well as leptokurtic unconditional distributions …

, especially on the BS implied volatility. Implied binomial trees (IBT) models capture the variations of the implied volatility … known as volatility smile. They provide a discrete approximation to the continuous risk neutral process for the underlying … Barle and Cakici (BC). After the formation of IBT we can estimate the implied local volatility and the state price density …

volatility models including long memory and leverage effects. We compute the price by applying a present value scheme as well as … the Black-Scholes and Hull-White formulas which includes stochastic volatility. We find that long memory as well as …